Dynamic Analysis of a Vibration-Based Energy Harvesting System Using a Triboelectric Nanogenerator

Vibration-based energy harvesting has received increasing attention as an alternative power source for low-energy electronic devices and wireless sensor systems. Among different harvesting mechanisms, triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have recently emerged as promising candidates, particularly due to their effective performance under low-frequency mechanical excitations. Since ambient vibrations are widely available in practical engineering environments, vibration-driven tribo-electric energy harvesters have attracted growing research interest.
In this paper, an analytical dynamic study of a vibration-based energy harvesting system in-corporating a triboelectric nanogenerator is presented. The mechanical subsystem is modeled as a single-degree-of-freedom mass–spring–damper system subjected to harmonic base excitation. The governing equations of motion are derived using relative displacement coordinates and analytically solved to obtain the steady-state vibration response. The frequency response function of the system is explicitly formulated, and the influence of key parameters such as excitation frequency and damp-ing ratio is investigated. Although the electrical behavior of the triboelectric nanogenerator is not explicitly modeled, a conceptual electromechanical coupling is considered to relate the vibration amplitude and relative velocity to the energy harvesting potential of the system. The results provide clear physical insight into the dynamic behavior of vibration-driven triboelectric energy harvesters and establish a theoretical basis for future numerical and experimental investigations.